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  /*
   * Copyright 2002-2008 the original author or authors.
   *
   * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   * You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
 package org.springframework.util;
 
 import java.util.List;

Simple utility class for working with the reflection API and handling reflection exceptions.

Only intended for internal use.

Author(s):
Juergen Hoeller
Rob Harrop
Rod Johnson
Costin Leau
Sam Brannen
Since:
1.2.2
 
 public abstract class ReflectionUtils {

Attempt to find a field on the supplied java.lang.Class with the supplied name. Searches all superclasses up to java.lang.Object.

Parameters:
clazz the class to introspect
name the name of the field
Returns:
the corresponding Field object, or null if not found
 
 	public static Field findField(Class clazzString name) {
 		return findField(clazznamenull);
 	}

Attempt to find a field on the supplied java.lang.Class with the supplied name and/or type. Searches all superclasses up to java.lang.Object.

Parameters:
clazz the class to introspect
name the name of the field (may be null if type is specified)
type the type of the field (may be null if name is specified)
Returns:
the corresponding Field object, or null if not found
 
 	public static Field findField(Class clazzString nameClass type) {
 		Assert.notNull(clazz"Class must not be null");
 		Assert.isTrue(name != null || type != null"Either name or type of the field must be specified");
 		Class searchType = clazz;
 		while (!Object.class.equals(searchType) && searchType != null) {
 			Field[] fields = searchType.getDeclaredFields();
 			for (int i = 0; i < fields.lengthi++) {
 				Field field = fields[i];
 				if ((name == null || name.equals(field.getName()))
 						&& (type == null || type.equals(field.getType()))) {
 					return field;
 				}
 			}
 			searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
 		}
 		return null;
 	}

Set the field represented by the supplied field object on the specified target object to the specified value. In accordance with java.lang.reflect.Field.set(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object) semantics, the new value is automatically unwrapped if the underlying field has a primitive type.

Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to handleReflectionException(java.lang.Exception).

Parameters:
field the field to set
target the target object on which to set the field
value the value to set; may be null
 
 	public static void setField(Field fieldObject targetObject value) {
 		try {
 			field.set(targetvalue);
 		}
 		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
					"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

Get the field represented by the supplied field object on the specified target object. In accordance with java.lang.reflect.Field.get(java.lang.Object) semantics, the returned value is automatically wrapped if the underlying field has a primitive type.

Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to handleReflectionException(java.lang.Exception).

Parameters:
field the field to get
target the target object from which to get the field
Returns:
the field's current value
	public static Object getField(Field fieldObject target) {
		try {
			return field.get(target);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
					"Unexpected reflection exception - " + ex.getClass().getName() + ": " + ex.getMessage());
		}
	}

Attempt to find a java.lang.reflect.Method on the supplied class with the supplied name and no parameters. Searches all superclasses up to Object.

Returns null if no java.lang.reflect.Method can be found.

Parameters:
clazz the class to introspect
name the name of the method
Returns:
the Method object, or null if none found
	public static Method findMethod(Class clazzString name) {
		return findMethod(clazznamenew Class[0]);
	}

Attempt to find a java.lang.reflect.Method on the supplied class with the supplied name and parameter types. Searches all superclasses up to Object.

Returns null if no java.lang.reflect.Method can be found.

Parameters:
clazz the class to introspect
name the name of the method
paramTypes the parameter types of the method (may be null to indicate any signature)
Returns:
the Method object, or null if none found
	public static Method findMethod(Class clazzString nameClass[] paramTypes) {
		Assert.notNull(clazz"Class must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(name"Method name must not be null");
		Class searchType = clazz;
		while (!Object.class.equals(searchType) && searchType != null) {
			Method[] methods = (searchType.isInterface() ? searchType.getMethods() : searchType.getDeclaredMethods());
			for (int i = 0; i < methods.lengthi++) {
				Method method = methods[i];
				if (name.equals(method.getName()) &&
						(paramTypes == null || Arrays.equals(paramTypesmethod.getParameterTypes()))) {
					return method;
				}
			}
			searchType = searchType.getSuperclass();
		}
		return null;
	}

Invoke the specified java.lang.reflect.Method against the supplied target object with no arguments. The target object can be null when invoking a static java.lang.reflect.Method.

Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to handleReflectionException(java.lang.Exception).

Parameters:
method the method to invoke
target the target object to invoke the method on
Returns:
the invocation result, if any
See also:
invokeMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method,java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object[])
	public static Object invokeMethod(Method methodObject target) {
		return invokeMethod(methodtargetnull);
	}

Invoke the specified java.lang.reflect.Method against the supplied target object with the supplied arguments. The target object can be null when invoking a static java.lang.reflect.Method.

Thrown exceptions are handled via a call to handleReflectionException(java.lang.Exception).

Parameters:
method the method to invoke
target the target object to invoke the method on
args the invocation arguments (may be null)
Returns:
the invocation result, if any
	public static Object invokeMethod(Method methodObject targetObject[] args) {
		try {
			return method.invoke(targetargs);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
	}

Invoke the specified JDBC API java.lang.reflect.Method against the supplied target object with no arguments.

Parameters:
method the method to invoke
target the target object to invoke the method on
Returns:
the invocation result, if any
Throws:
java.sql.SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
See also:
invokeJdbcMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method,java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object[])
	public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method methodObject targetthrows SQLException {
		return invokeJdbcMethod(methodtargetnull);
	}

Invoke the specified JDBC API java.lang.reflect.Method against the supplied target object with the supplied arguments.

Parameters:
method the method to invoke
target the target object to invoke the method on
args the invocation arguments (may be null)
Returns:
the invocation result, if any
Throws:
java.sql.SQLException the JDBC API SQLException to rethrow (if any)
See also:
invokeMethod(java.lang.reflect.Method,java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object[])
	public static Object invokeJdbcMethod(Method methodObject targetObject[] argsthrows SQLException {
		try {
			return method.invoke(targetargs);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
		}
			if (ex.getTargetException() instanceof SQLException) {
			}
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("Should never get here");
	}

Handle the given reflection exception. Should only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.

Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of an InvocationTargetException with such a root cause. Throws an IllegalStateException with an appropriate message else.

Parameters:
ex the reflection exception to handle
	public static void handleReflectionException(Exception ex) {
		if (ex instanceof NoSuchMethodException) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Method not found: " + ex.getMessage());
		}
		if (ex instanceof IllegalAccessException) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not access method: " + ex.getMessage());
		}
		if (ex instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
		}
		if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
			throw (RuntimeExceptionex;
		}
	}

Handle the given invocation target exception. Should only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.

Throws the underlying RuntimeException or Error in case of such a root cause. Throws an IllegalStateException else.

Parameters:
ex the invocation target exception to handle
	}

Rethrow the given exception, which is presumably the target exception of an java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException. Should only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.

Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an java.lang.RuntimeException or java.lang.Error if appropriate; otherwise, throws an java.lang.IllegalStateException.

Parameters:
ex the exception to rethrow
Throws:
java.lang.RuntimeException the rethrown exception
	public static void rethrowRuntimeException(Throwable ex) {
		if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
			throw (RuntimeExceptionex;
		}
		if (ex instanceof Error) {
			throw (Errorex;
		}
	}

Rethrow the given exception, which is presumably the target exception of an java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException. Should only be called if no checked exception is expected to be thrown by the target method.

Rethrows the underlying exception cast to an java.lang.Exception or java.lang.Error if appropriate; otherwise, throws an java.lang.IllegalStateException.

Parameters:
ex the exception to rethrow
Throws:
java.lang.Exception the rethrown exception (in case of a checked exception)
	public static void rethrowException(Throwable exthrows Exception {
		if (ex instanceof Exception) {
			throw (Exceptionex;
		}
		if (ex instanceof Error) {
			throw (Errorex;
		}
	}

Throws an IllegalStateException with the given exception as root cause.

Parameters:
ex the unexpected exception
	private static void handleUnexpectedException(Throwable ex) {
		// Needs to avoid the chained constructor for JDK 1.4 compatibility.
		IllegalStateException isex = new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception thrown");
		isex.initCause(ex);
		throw isex;
	}

Determine whether the given method explicitly declares the given exception or one of its superclasses, which means that an exception of that type can be propagated as-is within a reflective invocation.

Parameters:
method the declaring method
exceptionType the exception to throw
Returns:
true if the exception can be thrown as-is; false if it needs to be wrapped
	public static boolean declaresException(Method methodClass exceptionType) {
		Assert.notNull(method"Method must not be null");
		Class[] declaredExceptions = method.getExceptionTypes();
		for (int i = 0; i < declaredExceptions.lengthi++) {
			Class declaredException = declaredExceptions[i];
			if (declaredException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}


Determine whether the given field is a "public static final" constant.

Parameters:
field the field to check
	public static boolean isPublicStaticFinal(Field field) {
		int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
		return (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) && Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isFinal(modifiers));
	}

Make the given field accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if necessary. The setAccessible(true) method is only called when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM SecurityManager (if active).

Parameters:
field the field to make accessible
See also:
java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.setAccessible(boolean)
	public static void makeAccessible(Field field) {
		if (!Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers()) ||
				!Modifier.isPublic(field.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
			field.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}

Make the given method accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if necessary. The setAccessible(true) method is only called when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM SecurityManager (if active).

Parameters:
method the method to make accessible
See also:
java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.setAccessible(boolean)
	public static void makeAccessible(Method method) {
		if (!Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) ||
				!Modifier.isPublic(method.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
			method.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}

Make the given constructor accessible, explicitly setting it accessible if necessary. The setAccessible(true) method is only called when actually necessary, to avoid unnecessary conflicts with a JVM SecurityManager (if active).

Parameters:
ctor the constructor to make accessible
See also:
java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject.setAccessible(boolean)
	public static void makeAccessible(Constructor ctor) {
		if (!Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getModifiers()) ||
				!Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
			ctor.setAccessible(true);
		}
	}


Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given class and superclasses.

The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear twice, unless excluded by a ReflectionUtils.MethodFilter.

Parameters:
targetClass class to start looking at
mc the callback to invoke for each method
See also:
doWithMethods(java.lang.Class,org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.MethodCallback,org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.MethodFilter)
	public static void doWithMethods(Class targetClassMethodCallback mcthrows IllegalArgumentException {
		doWithMethods(targetClassmcnull);
	}

Perform the given callback operation on all matching methods of the given class and superclasses.

The same named method occurring on subclass and superclass will appear twice, unless excluded by the specified ReflectionUtils.MethodFilter.

Parameters:
targetClass class to start looking at
mc the callback to invoke for each method
mf the filter that determines the methods to apply the callback to
	public static void doWithMethods(Class targetClassMethodCallback mcMethodFilter mf)
		// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
		do {
			Method[] methods = targetClass.getDeclaredMethods();
			for (int i = 0; i < methods.lengthi++) {
				if (mf != null && !mf.matches(methods[i])) {
					continue;
				}
				try {
					mc.doWith(methods[i]);
				}
				catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
							"Shouldn't be illegal to access method '" + methods[i].getName() + "': " + ex);
				}
			}
			targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		}
		while (targetClass != null);
	}

Get all declared methods on the leaf class and all superclasses. Leaf class methods are included first.
	public static Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class leafClassthrows IllegalArgumentException {
		final List list = new ArrayList(32);
		doWithMethods(leafClassnew MethodCallback() {
			public void doWith(Method method) {
				list.add(method);
			}
		});
		return (Method[]) list.toArray(new Method[list.size()]);
	}


Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the class hierarchy to get all declared fields.

Parameters:
targetClass the target class to analyze
fc the callback to invoke for each field
	public static void doWithFields(Class targetClassFieldCallback fcthrows IllegalArgumentException {
		doWithFields(targetClassfcnull);
	}

Invoke the given callback on all fields in the target class, going up the class hierarchy to get all declared fields.

Parameters:
targetClass the target class to analyze
fc the callback to invoke for each field
ff the filter that determines the fields to apply the callback to
	public static void doWithFields(Class targetClassFieldCallback fcFieldFilter ff)
		// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
		do {
			// Copy each field declared on this class unless it's static or file.
			Field[] fields = targetClass.getDeclaredFields();
			for (int i = 0; i < fields.lengthi++) {
				// Skip static and final fields.
				if (ff != null && !ff.matches(fields[i])) {
					continue;
				}
				try {
					fc.doWith(fields[i]);
				}
				catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
							"Shouldn't be illegal to access field '" + fields[i].getName() + "': " + ex);
				}
			}
			targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		}
		while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
	}

Given the source object and the destination, which must be the same class or a subclass, copy all fields, including inherited fields. Designed to work on objects with public no-arg constructors.

Throws:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if the arguments are incompatible
	public static void shallowCopyFieldState(final Object srcfinal Object destthrows IllegalArgumentException {
		if (src == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source for field copy cannot be null");
		}
		if (dest == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination for field copy cannot be null");
		}
		if (!src.getClass().isAssignableFrom(dest.getClass())) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination class [" + dest.getClass().getName() +
					"] must be same or subclass as source class [" + src.getClass().getName() + "]");
		}
			public void doWith(Field fieldthrows IllegalArgumentExceptionIllegalAccessException {
				Object srcValue = field.get(src);
				field.set(destsrcValue);
			}
	}


Action to take on each method.
	public static interface MethodCallback {

Perform an operation using the given method.

Parameters:
method the method to operate on
	}


Callback optionally used to method fields to be operated on by a method callback.
	public static interface MethodFilter {

Determine whether the given method matches.

Parameters:
method the method to check
		boolean matches(Method method);
	}


Callback interface invoked on each field in the hierarchy.
	public static interface FieldCallback {

Perform an operation using the given field.

Parameters:
field the field to operate on
	}


Callback optionally used to filter fields to be operated on by a field callback.
	public static interface FieldFilter {

Determine whether the given field matches.

Parameters:
field the field to check
		boolean matches(Field field);
	}


Pre-built FieldFilter that matches all non-static, non-final fields.
	public static FieldFilter COPYABLE_FIELDS = new FieldFilter() {
		public boolean matches(Field field) {
			return !(Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()) ||
					Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers()));
		}
	};
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