A
Locale object represents a specific geographical, political,
or cultural region. An operation that requires a
Locale to perform
its task is called
locale-sensitive and uses the
Locale
to tailor information for the user. For example, displaying a number
is a locale-sensitive operation--the number should be formatted
according to the customs/conventions of the user's native country,
region, or culture.
Create a Locale object using the constructors in this class:
Locale(String language)
Locale(String language, String country)
Locale(String language, String country, String variant)
The language argument is a valid
ISO Language Code.
These codes are the lower-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-639.
You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php
The country argument is a valid ISO Country Code. These
codes are the upper-case, two-letter codes as defined by ISO-3166.
You can find a full list of these codes at a number of sites, such as:
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/list-en1.html
The variant argument is a vendor or browser-specific code.
For example, use WIN for Windows, MAC for Macintosh, and POSIX for POSIX.
Where there are two variants, separate them with an underscore, and
put the most important one first. For example, a Traditional Spanish collation
might construct a locale with parameters for language, country and variant as:
"es", "ES", "Traditional_WIN".
Because a Locale object is just an identifier for a region,
no validity check is performed when you construct a Locale.
If you want to see whether particular resources are available for the
Locale you construct, you must query those resources. For
example, ask the NumberFormat for the locales it supports
using its getAvailableLocales method.
Note: When you ask for a resource for a particular
locale, you get back the best available match, not necessarily
precisely what you asked for. For more information, look at
ResourceBundle
The Locale class provides a number of convenient constants
that you can use to create Locale objects for commonly used
locales. For example, the following creates a Locale object
for the United States:
Locale.US
Once you've created a Locale you can query it for information about
itself. Use getCountry to get the ISO Country Code and
getLanguage to get the ISO Language Code. You can
use getDisplayCountry to get the
name of the country suitable for displaying to the user. Similarly,
you can use getDisplayLanguage to get the name of
the language suitable for displaying to the user. Interestingly,
the getDisplayXXX methods are themselves locale-sensitive
and have two versions: one that uses the default locale and one
that uses the locale specified as an argument.
The Java Platform provides a number of classes that perform locale-sensitive
operations. For example, the NumberFormat class formats
numbers, currency, or percentages in a locale-sensitive manner. Classes
such as NumberFormat have a number of convenience methods
for creating a default object of that type. For example, the
NumberFormat class provides these three convenience methods
for creating a default NumberFormat object:
NumberFormat.getInstance()
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance()
NumberFormat.getPercentInstance()
These methods have two variants; one with an explicit locale
and one without; the latter using the default locale.
NumberFormat.getInstance(myLocale)
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(myLocale)
NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(myLocale)
A
Locale is the mechanism for identifying the kind of object
(
NumberFormat) that you would like to get. The locale is
just a mechanism for identifying objects,
not a container for the objects themselves.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for language.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for country.
Useful constant for the root locale. The root locale is the locale whose
language, country, and variant are empty ("") strings. This is regarded
as the base locale of all locales, and is used as the language/country
neutral locale for the locale sensitive operations.
Display types for retrieving localized names from the name providers.
Construct a locale from language, country, variant.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines
(specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the
old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other
API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
- Parameters:
language lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.country uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.variant vendor and browser specific code. See class description.- Throws:
java.lang.NullPointerException thrown if any argument is null.
Construct a locale from language, country.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines
(specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the
old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other
API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
- Parameters:
language lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.country uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.- Throws:
java.lang.NullPointerException thrown if either argument is null.
this(language, country, "");
Construct a locale from a language code.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard; some of the language codes it defines
(specifically iw, ji, and in) have changed. This constructor accepts both the
old codes (iw, ji, and in) and the new codes (he, yi, and id), but all other
API on Locale will return only the OLD codes.
Constructs a
Locale using
language
and
country. This constructor assumes that
language and
contry are interned and
it is invoked by createSingleton only. (flag is just for
avoiding the conflict with the public constructors.
Creates a
Locale instance with the given
language and
counry and puts the
instance under the given
key in the cache. This
method must be called only when initializing the Locale
constants.
Returns a
Locale constructed from the given
language,
country and
variant. If the same
Locale instance
is available in the cache, then that instance is
returned. Otherwise, a new
Locale instance is
created and cached.
- Parameters:
language lowercase two-letter ISO-639 code.country uppercase two-letter ISO-3166 code.variant vendor and browser specific code. See class description.- Returns:
- the
Locale instance requested - Throws:
java.lang.NullPointerException if any argument is null.
if (language== null || country == null || variant == null) { locale = new Locale(language, country, variant);
Gets the current value of the default locale for this instance
of the Java Virtual Machine.
The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup
based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive
methods if no locale is explicitly specified.
It can be changed using the
setDefault method.
- Returns:
- the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine
String language, region, country, variant;
Sets the default locale for this instance of the Java Virtual Machine.
This does not affect the host locale.
If there is a security manager, its checkPermission
method is called with a PropertyPermission("user.language", "write")
permission before the default locale is changed.
The Java Virtual Machine sets the default locale during startup
based on the host environment. It is used by many locale-sensitive
methods if no locale is explicitly specified.
Since changing the default locale may affect many different areas
of functionality, this method should only be used if the caller
is prepared to reinitialize locale-sensitive code running
within the same Java Virtual Machine.
("user.language", "write")); Returns an array of all installed locales.
The returned array represents the union of locales supported
by the Java runtime environment and by installed
LocaleServiceProvider
implementations. It must contain at least a
Locale
instance equal to
Locale.US.
- Returns:
- An array of installed locales.
Returns a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166.
Can be used to create Locales.
Returns a list of all 2-letter language codes defined in ISO 639.
Can be used to create Locales.
[NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed.
The list this function returns includes both the new and the old codes for the
languages whose codes have changed.]
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < len; i++, j += 5) { Returns the language code for this locale, which will either be the empty string
or a lowercase ISO 639 code.
NOTE: ISO 639 is not a stable standard-- some languages' codes have changed.
Locale's constructor recognizes both the new and the old codes for the languages
whose codes have changed, but this function always returns the old code. If you
want to check for a specific language whose code has changed, don't do
if (locale.getLanguage().equals("he"))
...
Instead, do
if (locale.getLanguage().equals(new Locale("he", "", "").getLanguage()))
...
Returns the country/region code for this locale, which will
either be the empty string or an uppercase ISO 3166 2-letter code.
Returns the variant code for this locale.
Getter for the programmatic name of the entire locale,
with the language, country and variant separated by underbars.
Language is always lower case, and country is always upper case.
If the language is missing, the string will begin with an underbar.
If both the language and country fields are missing, this function
will return the empty string, even if the variant field is filled in
(you can't have a locale with just a variant-- the variant must accompany
a valid language or country code).
Examples: "en", "de_DE", "_GB", "en_US_WIN", "de__POSIX", "fr__MAC"
Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's language. If the locale
doesn't specify a language, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will
be a lowercase ISO 639-2/T language code.
The ISO 639-2 language codes can be found on-line at
http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/englangn.html.
- Throws:
MissingResourceException Throws MissingResourceException if the
three-letter language abbreviation is not available for this locale.
Returns a three-letter abbreviation for this locale's country. If the locale
doesn't specify a country, this will be the empty string. Otherwise, this will
be an uppercase ISO 3166 3-letter country code.
The ISO 3166-2 country codes can be found on-line at
http://www.davros.org/misc/iso3166.txt.
- Throws:
MissingResourceException Throws MissingResourceException if the
three-letter country abbreviation is not available for this locale.
int codeLength = iso2Code.length();
int tableLength = table.length();
for (index = 0; index < tableLength; index += 5) { && table.charAt(index + 1) == c2) { return index < tableLength ? table.substring(index + 2, index + 5) : null;
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user.
If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale.
For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale
is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and
the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais".
If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale,
(say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian),
this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort
value. If the locale doesn't specify a language, this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale's language that is appropriate for display to the
user.
If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale.
For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale
is en_US, getDisplayLanguage() will return "French"; if the locale is en_US and
inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayLanguage() will return "anglais".
If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale,
(say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatian),
this function falls back on the English name, and finally
on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a language,
this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user.
If possible, the name returned will be localized for the default locale.
For example, if the locale is fr_FR and the default locale
is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and
the default locale is fr_FR, getDisplayCountry() will return "Etats-Unis".
If the name returned cannot be localized for the default locale,
(say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia),
this function falls back on the English name, and uses the ISO code as a last-resort
value. If the locale doesn't specify a country, this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale's country that is appropriate for display to the
user.
If possible, the name returned will be localized according to inLocale.
For example, if the locale is fr_FR and inLocale
is en_US, getDisplayCountry() will return "France"; if the locale is en_US and
inLocale is fr_FR, getDisplayCountry() will return "Etats-Unis".
If the name returned cannot be localized according to inLocale.
(say, we don't have a Japanese name for Croatia),
this function falls back on the English name, and finally
on the ISO code as a last-resort value. If the locale doesn't specify a country,
this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user. If possible, the name will be localized for the default locale. If the locale
doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale's variant code that is appropriate for display to the
user. If possible, the name will be localized for inLocale. If the locale
doesn't specify a variant code, this function returns the empty string.
String listCompositionPattern = null;
listPattern = bundle.getString("ListPattern"); listCompositionPattern = bundle.getString("ListCompositionPattern"); return formatList(names, listPattern, listCompositionPattern);
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have
one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country,
and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.
Returns a name for the locale that is appropriate for display to the
user. This will be the values returned by getDisplayLanguage(), getDisplayCountry(),
and getDisplayVariant() assembled into a single string. The display name will have
one of the following forms:
language (country, variant)
language (country)
language (variant)
country (variant)
language
country
variant
depending on which fields are specified in the locale. If the language, country,
and variant fields are all empty, this function returns the empty string.
String displayNamePattern = null;
String listCompositionPattern = null;
displayNamePattern = bundle.getString("DisplayNamePattern"); listPattern = bundle.getString("ListPattern"); listCompositionPattern = bundle.getString("ListCompositionPattern"); String[] qualifierNames = null;
if (languageName.length() != 0) { if (countryName.length() != 0) { qualifierNames = new String[variantNames.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(variantNames, 0, qualifierNames, 1, variantNames.length);
qualifierNames[0] = countryName;
else qualifierNames = variantNames;
else if (countryName.length() != 0) { qualifierNames = variantNames;
return formatList(variantNames, listPattern, listCompositionPattern);
new Integer(qualifierNames.length != 0 ? 2 : 1),
qualifierNames.length != 0 ? formatList(qualifierNames, listPattern, listCompositionPattern) : null
if (displayNamePattern != null) { if (displayNames.length > 2) { Override hashCode.
Since Locales are often used in hashtables, caches the value
for speed.
Returns true if this Locale is equal to another object. A Locale is
deemed equal to another Locale with identical language, country,
and variant, and unequal to all other objects.
- Returns:
- true if this Locale is equal to the specified object.
Placeholder for the object's hash code. Always -1.
Calculated hashcode to fix 4518797.
Return an array of the display names of the variant.
- Parameters:
bundle the ResourceBundle to use to get the display names- Returns:
- an array of display names, possible of zero length.
for (int i=0; i<names.length; ++i) { Format a list using given pattern strings.
If either of the patterns is null, then a the list is
formatted by concatenation with the delimiter ','.
- Parameters:
stringList the list of strings to be formatted.listPattern should create a MessageFormat taking 0-3 arguments
and formatting them into a list.listCompositionPattern should take 2 arguments
and is used by composeList.- Returns:
- a string representing the list.
if (listPattern == null || listCompositionPattern == null) { for (int i=0; i<stringList.length; ++i) { if (stringList.length > 3) { System.arraycopy(stringList, 0, args, 1, stringList.length);
args[0] = new Integer(stringList.length);
Given a list of strings, return a list shortened to three elements.
Shorten it by applying the given format to the first two elements
recursively.
- Parameters:
format a format which takes two argumentslist a list of strings- Returns:
- if the list is three elements or shorter, the same list;
otherwise, a new list of three elements.
if (list.length <= 3) return list;
String[] listItems = { list[0], list[1] }; System.arraycopy(list, 2, newList, 1, newList.length-1);
Replace the deserialized Locale object with a newly
created object. Newer language codes are replaced with older ISO
codes. The country and variant codes are replaced with internalized
String copies.
char[] buf = new char[str.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { char[] buf = new char[str.length()];
for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { } else if (language == "yi") { } else if (language == "id") { Obtains a localized locale names from a LocaleNameProvider
implementation.
assert params.length == 2;
