The size, isEmpty, get, set, iterator, and listIterator operations run in constant time. The add operation runs in amortized constant time, that is, adding n elements requires O(n) time. All of the other operations run in linear time (roughly speaking). The constant factor is low compared to that for the LinkedList implementation.
Each ArrayList instance has a capacity. The capacity is the size of the array used to store the elements in the list. It is always at least as large as the list size. As elements are added to an ArrayList, its capacity grows automatically. The details of the growth policy are not specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortized time cost.
An application can increase the capacity of an ArrayList instance before adding a large number of elements using the ensureCapacity operation. This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access an ArrayList instance concurrently,
and at least one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it
must be synchronized externally. (A structural modification is
any operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly
resizes the backing array; merely setting the value of an element is not
a structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the list.
If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedList
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the list:
List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(...));
The iterators returned by this class's Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
throw This class is a member of the
Java Collections Framework.
iterator and
listIterator methods are fail-fast:
if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is
created, in any way except through the iterator's own
remove or
add methods, the iterator will throw a
. Thus, in the face of
concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather
than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
time in the future.
ConcurrentModificationExceptionConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis.
Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators
should be used only to detect bugs.
CollectionListLinkedListVector
initialCapacity the initial capacity of the listjava.lang.IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
is negativec the collection whose elements are to be placed into this listjava.lang.NullPointerException if the specified collection is nullo element whose presence in this list is to be testedThe returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this list. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.
If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than the list), the element in the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to null. (This is useful in determining the length of the list only if the caller knows that the list does not contain any null elements.)
a the array into which the elements of the list are to
be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.java.lang.ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
this listjava.lang.NullPointerException if the specified array is nullindex index of the element to returnjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionindex index of the element to replaceelement element to be stored at the specified positionjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptione element to be appended to this listCollection.add(java.lang.Object))index index at which the specified element is to be insertedelement element to be insertedjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionindex the index of the element to be removedjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptiono element to be removed from this list, if presentc collection containing elements to be added to this listjava.lang.NullPointerException if the specified collection is nullindex index at which to insert the first element from the
specified collectionc collection containing elements to be added to this listjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsExceptionjava.lang.NullPointerException if the specified collection is nullfromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive.
Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
This call shortens the list by (toIndex - fromIndex) elements.
(If toIndex==fromIndex, this operation has no effect.)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException if fromIndex or
toIndex is out of range
(fromIndex < 0 ||
fromIndex >= size() ||
toIndex > size() ||
toIndex < fromIndex)c collection containing elements to be removed from this listtrue if this list changed as a result of the calljava.lang.ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
is incompatible with the specified collection
(optional)java.lang.NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
specified collection does not permit null elements
(optional),
or if the specified collection is nullCollection.contains(java.lang.Object)c collection containing elements to be retained in this listtrue if this list changed as a result of the calljava.lang.ClassCastException if the class of an element of this list
is incompatible with the specified collection
(optional)java.lang.NullPointerException if this list contains a null element and the
specified collection does not permit null elements
(optional),
or if the specified collection is nullCollection.contains(java.lang.Object)next.
An initial call to previous would
return the element with the specified index minus one.
The returned list iterator is fail-fast.
The returned list iterator is fail-fast.
listIterator(int)fromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive. (If
fromIndex and toIndex are equal, the returned list is
empty.) The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural
changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
The returned list supports all of the optional list operations.
This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of the sort that commonly exist for arrays). Any operation that expects a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view instead of a whole list. For example, the following idiom removes a range of elements from a list:
list.subList(from, to).clear();
Similar idioms may be constructed for indexOf(java.lang.Object) and
lastIndexOf(java.lang.Object), and all of the algorithms in the
Collections class can be applied to a subList.
The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if the backing list (i.e., this list) is structurally modified in any way other than via the returned list. (Structural modifications are those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.)